江苏省赣榆县厉庄高级中学牛津译林版高二英语模块九学案u1 other countries,other culutures定语从句.docxVIP

M9U1Grammar:定语从句复习学案 主备人：周明玲 概念： 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句(The Attributive Clause)。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词的后面。例如：①The story that you read is interesting. 你看的那部小说是有趣的。②The boy who broke the window is Tom. 打碎窗户的那个男孩是汤姆。③They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 他们种植了不需要许多水的树。在上面三个例句中斜体部分都叫定语从句，他们所修饰的词The story, The boy, the trees都叫先行词。引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 和关系副词when, where, why。一、关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which的用法1. 当先行词是人，在从句中作主语时，我们用who/that来引导，且不能省略。例如：1) This is the man who/that helped me.这就是帮助我的那名男子。2) The man who/that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.与我父亲握手的那名男子是位警察。2. 当先行词是人，在从句中作宾语时，我们用whom/who/that来引导，可以省略。例如：1) The doctor (whom/that/who) you are looking for is in the room.你正在寻找的那名医生在房间里。2) The boy (whom/that/who) you met yesterday is Tom. 昨天你遇见的那个男孩是汤姆。3. 当先行词是物时，不论其作主语、宾语，我们都用that/which来引导；当其作主语时，不能省略；当其作宾语时，可以省略。例如：1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。2) The noodles (that/which) I cooked were good. 我煮的面条是可口的。4. 当先行词是人或物时，我们用whose来代替his/her/its/their等，即代替相当于汉语中“……的”的部分。例如：1) Do you know the man whose name is Mr. Smith? 你认识名叫史密斯的那个男子吗？2) I live in the room whose window faces north. 我住在窗户朝北的房间里。注：若关系代词前有介词时，只能用whom（指人），which（指物），或whose，关系代词可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，这时作宾语的whom, which不能省略。 例如：1) The man whom/who/that my teacher is talking with is my father.→The man with whom my teacher is talking is my father.与我老师谈话的那名男子是我的父亲。2) The room that/which I live in is good.→The room in which I live is good. 我居住的房间是好的。3) The man whose department I once worked in was Mr. King.→The man in whose department I once worked was Mr. King. 那名男子是金先生，以前我在他的部门工作过。但：含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在有关动词的后面。 例如：1) Is this the book which /that he is looking for?这是他正在寻找的那本书吗？2) The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.护士们正在照看的那位老人现在身体很好。注：“动词+介词”构成的动词短语在什么样的情况下可以拆开提前，什么样的情况下不可以拆开提前？一般情况下，动词短语拆开介词提前，意思不变的，则可以拆开，如：talk(with)=talk，live(in)=live；动词短语拆开介词提前，意思改变的，则不可以拆开，如：look(for)≠look，look(after) ≠look。但look at，listen