江苏省赣榆县厉庄高级中学牛津译林版高二英语模块九学案u4 biblical idioms in english句子结构与划分.docxVIP

模块九Unit4 句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句 (当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)That we will fail if we don’t word hard is a true fact. (主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) It is strange that many people don’t like milk. (it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句) (三)主语补足语 被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语。通常如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。 一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。例如： (1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday. (2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday. 句 (1)中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。所以叫宾语补足语。 句 (2)中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语，故称作主语补足语。主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语 (宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。 二、主语补足语形式种种 1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如： ① The dog is called Karl.② He was found the right man for the job. 2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。例如： ① The door was painted white. ② The old man was found weak. ③ The classroom is always kept clean every day. 3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。例如： ① He is often heard / listened to reading English. ② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab. ③ The glass was found broken. 4. 动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make, listen to等后面接带to的不定式作主语补足语。例如： ① He was seen to come upstairs. ② Ice is known to be in a solid state. ③ The spy was ordered to be hanged. ④ He was listened to to make a speech at the meet