美国历史整理(1600-1816).docVIP

美国历史整理（一）From 1600s1816 First native American people migrated from Asia to North America across a land bridge more than ten thousand years ago. In the 11th century, a Norse (Viking) sailor, Leif Eriksson reached North America. In 1492, Columbus sailed at the North America. Spanish rule included Florida and was generally harsh. Spanish explorers often intermarried with the natives. In early 1600s, the 1st English colony at Jamestown Virginia. The reasons (generate the colony): a. commercial gain eg. Jamestown established by trading companies b. social and religious freedom (initiated with royal charters) also known as propriety grants The second English colony was founded by Pilgrims (清教徒) at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Settlers: come to new world to escape religious persecution KEY: design the Mayflower Compact [determine what the colony’s civil laws would be only the pilgrims landed] Different aspect: Pilgrims wanted to split from the Church of England Puritans wanted to reform the Church Economy in Colonial America In colonial America, the local climate determined what each colony could and could not do to develop its economy. Since the new England terrain were poor for farming, so New England settlers practiced subsistence farming. Eg. Boston: sea trade and fishing Southern colonies: large scale agriculture (good soil and climate) Plantation system formed cash crop(既自己卖又自己食用) 1st down by indentured servants system is called labor intensive Because of insufficient inhumane slave trade (start from at least 16th century and increased steadily throughout the 17th 18th and the first half of the 19th century) Religion [center of colonial life for many of the settlers] The Halfway Covenant (1662) was passed to make it easier for less religious children of Puritan to become baptized members of CHURCH During the 1700s, there was a wave of religious fervor called the Great Awakening Leader: Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield Ca