[生物膜和细胞间信息传递一.pptVIP

生物膜和细胞间信息传递;概述 生物膜的组成和特点 细胞的内膜系统 ;一. 概 述; 质膜－－使细胞成为生命活动的基本单位。 内膜系统－－使分隔开的各个细胞器具有独特的功能。 本身参与多种生物反应过程。;Three views of a cell membrane. (A) An electron micrograph of a plasma membrane (of a human red blood cell) seen in cross section. (B and C) These drawings show two-dimensional and three-dimensional views of a cell membrane. (A, courtesy of Daniel S. Friend.) The lipid molecules are arranged as a continuous double layer about 5 nm thick .;二. 生物膜的组成和特点;; 膜脂与糖之间为共价键连接，包括磷脂分子中磷酸的-OH或鞘磷脂分子中鞘氨酸的-OH与糖的-OH，形成O-糖苷键方式进行连接。 膜蛋白与糖之间为共价键连接，包括膜蛋白分子中的天门冬氨酰的氨基与糖的-OH形成N-糖苷键方式，膜蛋白分子中的丝氨酸或苏氨酸的-OH与糖的O-糖苷键方式进行连接。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Schematic diagram of typical membrane proteins in a biological membrane. The phospholipid bilayer, the basic structure of all cellular membranes, consists of two leaflets of phospholipid molecules whose fatty acyl tails form the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer; their polar, hydrophilic head groups line both surfaces. Most integral proteins span the bilayer as shown; a few are tethered to one leaflet by a covalently attached lipid anchor group. Peripheral proteins are primarily associated with the membrane by specific protein-protein interactions. Oligosaccharides bind mainly to membrane proteins; however, some bind to lipids, forming glycolipids. ;磷脂：甘油磷脂及鞘磷脂 糖脂：糖鞘氨脂及糖甘油脂 胆固醇:;R2OCOCH;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;The effect of a double bond;　磷酸基分别与丝氨酸、乙醇胺、胆碱或肌醇结合即形成: 丝氨酸磷脂(Phosphatidylserine PS)，又称磷脂酰丝氨酸 乙醇胺磷脂(Phosphatidylethanoamine PE)，磷脂酰乙醇胺 胆碱磷脂(Phosphatidylcholine PC)，磷脂酰胆碱 肌醇磷脂(phosphatidylinositol PI)，磷脂酰肌醇;R2OCOCH;磷脂酰肌醇;;（神经）鞘氨醇;固醇（steroid）：质膜中的固醇，以胆固醇(cholesterol)为主，胆固醇酯很少，主要起调节生物膜中脂质的物理状态。;胆固醇的量与磷脂有一定比例，常以测定胆固醇／磷脂比例来鉴定膜是否有病变，此比值称c／p比，各种细胞膜的c／p值相差较多，约为0.03—0.1。;;Figure 10-10. Four major phospholipids in mammalian plasma membra