保险制度变、保险市场结构非均衡与政府规制.doc

保险制度变迁、保险市场结构非均衡与政府规制 ( 岳公正1 杨燕绥 （清华大学公共管理学院，北京，100084） 摘要： 本文对保险制度变迁条件下保险市场的借鉴了西方学者的已有成果，但是本文的分析与其存在诸多差异。The change of the insurance system, imbalance of the insurance market structure and government regulations Yue Gong-zheng , Yang yan-sui （School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, P.R.China, 100084） Abstract: This thesis draws on from the current existing results of the western scholars on the insurance market in the changes of insurance system; however, the analysis of this thesis varies from those results in a lot of aspects. In the process of building a rational insurance market, the government cannot simply stick to the service of the insurance enterprises simply and the insurance market operation directed by the economic means, instead, the routine of the standard market economy need to be destroyed and the non-economic means need to be adopted to powerfully regulate the insurance market. From the start of the Chinese insurance market reform, the general characteristics of the policy are the strong government regulations. Divided by the process of the evolution, the management model of the insurance market can be divided into the current model, the interim model and the objective model. Together with the construction of the Chinese public service government, the role of the government will be weakened, while its role shifting from the core to the external to build appropriate regulations. Keywords: Commercial insurance; Insurance market; Market structure; Government regulation 一、保险制度变迁与保险市场结构非均衡 保险市场是进行保险商品（保险品）交易的场所或领域的总称，是保险经济活动与市场机制的有机结合。①保险市场结构指在政府、利益集团（如保险经办机构）、参保人、保险企业等广义保险市场主体针对保险品（政策）的行为的相互作用下，保险品的价格②和供给数量的状态。 本文对保险制度变迁条件下保险市场的借鉴了西方学者的已有成果，但是本文的分析与其存在诸多差异。这种差异显著地表现在两者的分析前提和假定上：极度不完备市场假定。制度变迁条件下中国现阶段的极度不完备是西方无法想见的；制度变迁条件下中国长期处于非均衡状态；制度变迁条件下行为取向多元化。不仅要承担社会职能，而且要追求利润；管理人员行为动机复杂化。其中，保险企业的管理阶层为了获得行政职级晋升，在经济管理中导入非经济目标，从而成为中国现阶段国有保险企业中特有的“政治——经济人”。 制度变迁条件下保险市场的保险市场，而中国保险市场分析的制度背景是中国正处于以转型发展为主要特征的制度变迁过程。转型是指中国正从计划转向市场，发