PowerPoint簡報-140.116.60.1.pptVIP

Introduction of Microbiology, Bacterial Structure Pin Lin (凌 斌), Ph.D. Departg ment of Microbiology Immunology, NCKU ext 5632 lingpin@mail.ncku.edu.tw References: 1. Chapters 1-3 in Medical Microbiology (Murray, P. R. et al; 5th edition) 2. 醫用微生物學 (王聖予 等編譯, 4th edition) 課程要點 (Outline) Introduction of Medical Microbiology Bacterial Classification Bacterial Structure 細菌以外形特徵分類 (Phenotypic classification): 顯微形態學 (Microscopic morphology) 巨觀形態學 (Macroscopic morphology) 生物分型 (Biotyping) 血清分型 (Serotyping) 抗生素圖譜 (Antibiogram patterns) 噬菌體分型 (Phage typing) 細菌以成份分類 (Analytic): 細胞壁脂肪酸分析 (Cell wall fatty-acid analysis) 全細胞脂質分析 (Whole cell lipid analysis) 全細胞蛋白質分析 (Whole cell protein analysis) 酵素電泳分型 (Multifocus locus enzyme electrophoresis) 細菌以基因型分類 (Genotypic): 鳥糞螵呤和胞嘧啶比率分析 (Guanine plus cytosine ratio) DNA 雜交法 (DNA hybridization) 核酸序列分析法 (Nucleic acid analysis) 質體分析法 (Plasmid analysis) 染色體DNA片段分析法 (Chromosomal DNA fragment analysis) 革蘭氏陰性菌細胞壁 (Gram-negative bacterial cell wall) More complex than gram-positive cell walls. Consists three major parts. (1) Outer membrane（外膜)- -Unique (2) Periplasmic space（細胞質外腔） (3) Cytoplasmic membrane 3. Major Components - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Endotoxin) - Lipoprotein 革蘭氏陰性菌細胞壁 (Gram-negative bacterial cell wall) Unique to Gram-negative bacteria. - An “asymmetric bilayer” structure - different from any other biologic membrane in the structure of the outer leaflet of the membrane. Maintains the bacterial structure a permeability barrier to large molecules (e.g., lysozyme) and hydrophobic molecules. 3. Provides protection from adverse environmental conditions such as the digestive system of the host (important for Enterobacteriaceae organisms). Gram (-) bacteria: Outer membrane 5. The outer membrane is held together by divalent cation陽離子 (Mg+2 and Ca+2) linkages between phosphates on LPS molecules and hydrophobic interactions between the LPS and proteins. 6. These interactions produce a stiff (硬的)