《苏港万吨级码头结构设计英文翻译.doc

Civil Engineering Abstract: The civil engineer may work in research, design, construction supervision, maintenance, or even in management. Each of these areas involves different duties and different use of the engineer’s knowledge and experience. 1.Careers in Civil Engineering Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. Many countries also require engineering graduates to pass an examination, similar to the bar examinations for a lawyer, before they can start on their careers. In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are considered very important throughout the engineering curriculum, particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics, of course, is very important in engineering, so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of information. An important part of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is begun, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic the bridge will be expected to control. In the design of the bridge, factors such as water pressure on the foundations, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered. Because a great deal of calculation is involved in solving these problems, computer programming is now included in almost all engineering curricula. Computers, of course, can solve many problems involving calculations with greater speed and accuracy than a human being can. But computers are useless unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information---in other words, a good program. In spite of the importance of technical subjects in the engineering curriculum, a current trend is to require students to take courses in the social sci