《2013级语法复习之动词的时态和语态.docVIP

一、动词的时态 《导与练》page 129 二、动词的语态 《导与练》page 131 【补充资料】 一、一般现在时的用法1．经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday….. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2．客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3．表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。 注是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4．现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.二、一般过去时的用法 1．在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3. 表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。 He checked the evidence, read the article, and passed it on . 3、在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。表示虚拟语气这一用法只适用于某些特定的句型，表示现在或将来的非真实、主观意图或愿望。If only I had a better memory.要是我的记忆力好一点就好了。If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雨，比赛就会延期举行I didn’t know you were so busy. I didn’t expect to meet you. 2. 在时间，条件状语从句中常用一般过去式代替过去将来时。 He said when she came he would tell her. 三．一般将来时 （1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态tonight，in the future，tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天），in+段时间（在...之后）等。 （2）基本结构： ①主语+be going to + do； ②主语+will/shall+ do ③be about to do/ be to do (3)、一般将来时的其他表达法（1）be going to+动词原形表将来这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think Im going to die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)?? Look at the cloud. Its going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)? 这种结构表示肯定、预测，注定会。在这种情况下可以和think, hope, want, belive, like等表示静态的动词连用。? He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。The voters arent going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。be about to+动词原形表将来（2）be about to+动