《02第二讲动词及动词词组.docVIP

第二讲 动词及动词词组 一 定义：表示动作或者状态的词叫做动词。 二 动词的分类其用法 1.按在句中的功能分类 词类 细分类 定义 例句 实义动词 Notional Verb 及物动词Transitive Verb 后面要跟宾语 She can dance and sing. 不及物动词Intransitive Verb 不能直接跟有动作的对象（宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to, of ,at后方可跟上宾语。 She can sing many English songs. 动态动词 表示动作 give, take, work, run 等 She gave me a gift. 静态动词 表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系 live, lie, exist, have, love, like, dislike, hate, surprise, astonish, contain, include, guess, suppose, believe, doubt I think she will come here tomorrow. 延续性动词 动作可以延续 rain, live, work, learn I have been working all the day. 非延续性动词 动作不能延续come, go, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end He left yesterday. 系动词Link Verb 状态系动词 用来表示主语所处的状态be The girl in black is a dancer. Look at those boys over there! They are students of Class Two. 感官系动词 表示感官feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels soft. The flower smells sweat. 表象系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念 seem, appear, look He looked very tired. She seems (to be) so sad every. 持续系动词 表示主语保持一种状态或态度 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand He always kept silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. 变化系动词 表示主语变成什么样come, become, get, grow, go, turn, fall, run He became mad after that accident. She grew rich within a short time. 终止系动词 表达“证实，变成”之意 (表示主语已终止动作) prove, turn out After a long time, the rumor proved false. To our surprise, his plan turned out a success. 助动词 Auxiliary Verb 协助主要动词构成谓语的动词。它本身没有词义，不可以单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成宾语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或表示疑问或否定。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb） be 1 be+现在分词，构成进行时态 be doing 2 be+过去分词，构成被动语态 be done 3 be+动词不定式 be to do a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排 b.表示命令 c.　征求意见 d.表示相约、商定 They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important. The window was broken by Tom. He is to go to New York next week. You are to explain this. How am I to answer him?　 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.　 have 1 have+过去分词，构成完成时态have done, had done 2 have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时have been doi