生物工程专业英语四选编.pptVIP

However, incomplete dominance reflects the fact that both alleles for the trait in question exert an effect on the phenotype. The alleles themselves remain separate. 不完全显性说明了两个等位基因对表现都有影响。等位基因会继续分离。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Thus, the organism’s phenotype –its physical appearance and properties –differs from its genotype, which may include both a dominant and a recessive allele.因此，生物的表型(物理外表和属性)与基因型是不同的，其可同时含有一个显性基因和一个隐性基因。 A pictorial(形象化的生动的) representation表现 of all possible combinations of a genetic cross is known as a Punnett square.庞纳特方格可以陈列所有可能的遗传组合。 The results of Mendel’s experiments on dominant and recessive inheritance led to Mendel’ s first law: the law of segregation. 孟德尔关于显性和隐性遗传的实验结果导致了孟德尔第一定律---分离定律的产生。 This law states that for a given trait an organism inherits one allele from each parent.这个定律说的是生物只遗传父母本等位基因对的一个等位基因。  Together these alleles form the allele pair. When gametes are formed during meiosis, the two alleles become separated(halving of chromosome number).这些基因一起形成基因对。减数分裂期形成配子时两个等位基因分离。 To gain evidence for his theory Mendel performed test crosses, mating(使配对、使交配) plants of unknown genotype to plants that were homozygous recessive for the trait of interest.为验证此理论，他做了测交实验，即基因型未知的植物与纯合的隐性基因植物杂交。 The ratio of dominant phenotype(if any) in the progeny makes clear whether the unknown genotype is heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or homozygous recessive.通过子代中显性表型的比率可以明确测得未知基因型是杂合的或纯合显性的或者纯隐性的。 4. Mendel’s ideas and the law of independent assortmentMendel also performed dihybrid cross, which enabled him to consider how traits are inherited relative to one another.孟德尔还进行了双因子杂合子杂交试验，这个实验使他仔细考虑两个特征是如何相互影响遗传的。 This work led to the law of independent assortment, which states that the alleles of genes governing different characters are inherited independently.试验结果产生独立分配定律，即控制不同特征的等位基因独立遗传。 An apparent exception to Mendel’s laws is incomplete dominance, a phenomenon in which offspring of a cross exhibit a phenotype that is i