AENI模型.ppt

* Instructor Notes: The graph illustrates equilibrium expenditure, which occurs when aggregate planned expenditure equal real GDP at the intersection of the 45o line and the AE curve. * Instructor Notes: 1) The graph shows the forces that bring about equilibrium expenditure. 2) When aggregate planned expenditure exceeds real GDP, inventories decrease--for example, point b in both parts of the figure. 3) Firms increase production, and real GDP increases. 4) When aggregate planned expenditure is less than real GDP, inventories increase--for example, point f in both of these graphs. 5) Firms decrease production, and real GDP decreases. 6) When aggregate planned expenditure equals real GDP, there are no unplanned inventory changes and real GDP remains constant at equilibrium expenditure. * * * * * * * Instructor Notes: 1) This relationship is graphed as the aggregate expenditure curve AE, the line af. 2) The components of aggregate expenditure that increases with real GDP are consumption expenditure and imports. 3) The other components--investment, government purchases, and exports--do not vary with real GDP. * * * * Instructor Notes: 1) Autonomous expenditure increases in round 1 by $0.5 trillion. 2) As a result, real GDP increases by the same amount. 3) With a marginal propensity to consume of 0.75, each additional dollar of real GDP induces an additional 0.75 of a dollar of aggregate expenditure. 4) The round 1 increase in real GDP induces an increase in consumption expenditure of $0.375 trillion in round 2. 5) At the end of round 2, real GDP has increased by $0.875 trillion. 6) The extra $0.375 trillion of real GDP in round 2 induces a further increase in consumption expenditure of $0.281 trillion in round 3. 7) Real GDP increases yet further to $1.156 trillion. 8) This process continues with real GDP increasing by ever smaller amounts. 9) When the process comes to an end, real GDP has increased by a total of $2 trillion. * * Instructor Notes: 1) Imports and inco