高电压技术教学课件作者吴广宁8-4课件.pptVIP

8.4 接地的原理 8.4 The basic concepts and principles of grounding 8.4.1 接地概念及分类 8.4.1 Concept and classification of grounding 8.4.2 接地电阻，接触电压和跨步电压 8.4.2 Grounding resistance, contact voltage and step voltage 8.4.3 接地和接零保护 8.4.3 Grounding and TN protection 8.4.1 接地概念及分类 8.4.1 Concept and classification of grounding 接地就是指将电力系统中电气装置和设施的某些导电部分，经接地线连接至接地极。埋入地中并直接与大地接触的金属导体称为接地极。电气装置、设施的接地端子与接地极连接用的金属导电部分称为接地线。接地极和接地线合称接地装置。 Grounding refers to the connection between conductive parts of electrical installations and facilities and the ground by the grounding wire pole through wires in power system. The metal conductor buried in the earth directly is called grounding pole. The wire connecting electrical installations, facilities and grounding terminal in the earth is called grounding wire. They are totally referred to grounding devices. 接地按用途可分为： Grounding can be divided into four categories 工作接地 Working grounding 保护接地 Protection grounding 防雷接地 Lightning grounding 静电接地 Electrostatic grounding 8.4.2 接地电阻，接触电压和跨步电压 8.4.2 Grounding resistance, contact voltage and step voltage 大地具有一定的电阻率，如果有电流经过接地极注入，电流以电流场的形式向大地作半球形扩散，则大地就不再保持等电位，将沿大地产生电压降。 The earth has a certain resistance. If a current flows into the grounding, the current spreads to the earth in the form of current field in hemispherical-proliferation shape. Then the earth will be no longer the equal potential object. There will be the voltage drop along the earth. 电位分布曲线如图8-42所示。 Potential distribution curve is shown in Figure 8-42. 图8-42 接地装置的电位分布 Fig.8-42 Potential distribution of grounding device Ut—接触电压Contact voltage Us—跨步电压Step voltage 接地装置对地电位 与通过接地极流入地中电流 的比值称为接地电阻。 The ratio between grounding device-to-ground potential and current through the ground into the land is defined as the grounding resistance. 人处于分布电位区域内，可能有两种方式触及不同电位点而受到电压的作用。当人触及漏电外壳，加于人手脚之间的电压，称为接触电压。 People are in i