《考博英语翻译重要句型：定语从句.docxVIP

　考博英语翻译重要句型考点：定语从句　定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句是考博英语翻译常考的3大句型 ，倒装结构和比较结构是翻译常见的两大结构，新东方在线考博频道现对这几种句型为考生做详细解读，下面是定语从句翻译解析。　定语从句常用的翻译方法有：前置法、后置法、融合法和状译法。　　1、前置法　所谓前置法，即把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用的来连接。既然定语从句的意义是做定语修饰名词性成分，那么在翻译的时侯，如果定语从句较短小 ，信息量不大，与所修饰的成分关系密切，通常将其翻译成带的的前置定语 ，放在定语从句的先行词之前。　例句1：Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies。　句子结构：in which they live是介词+which引导的定语从句，还原后为which they live in，修饰先行词environment。subjecting…为分词短语做状语。　参考译文：人类有能力改造他们所居住的环境，从而使所有其他生命形态服从于人类特有的想法和想象。　例句2：We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages。　句子结构：who引导定语从句修饰peoples。从句很短，可以用前置法，翻译成…的。peoples为民族，种族。这个从句可译为说这些语言的民族。be obliged to sb.意思是感谢/感激某人。　参考译文：我们之所以感激这两位先驱，是因为此后这些语言有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。　　2、后置法　所谓后置就是把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译成并列分句。非限制性定语从句多采用此译法。英语中的定语从句常常比较复杂，尤其是考研英语翻译中，从句嵌套严重，使得定语从句复杂的几率更高，如果不加以调整，直接翻译在所修饰的先行词之前，会显得臃肿不堪，不像中国话，而且表意也不清楚。具体方法是重复先行词，或者用代词代替先行词来重复 。　例句1：In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.　句子结构：in Europe和as elsewhere都是做状语，句子主干是multi-media groups have been increasingly successful，冒号后面的内容groups是multi-media groups的同位语，是对multi-media groups的解释和补充。which引导定语从句，修饰groups，that引导定语从句，that代指television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。这句话中的which定语从句中还嵌套一个定语从句，信息量大，显然采用后置法，即使用代词代替先行词。　参考译文：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互间有密切联系的电视台、电台、报纸杂志以及出版社组合到了一起。　例句2：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.　句子结构：that引导的定语从句修饰先行词millennium technology calendar。when引导定语从句，修饰the