貧血的综述.docVIP

贫血症的综述 【摘要】：“贫血”是指人体外周血中红细胞容积的减少，低于正常范围下限的一种常见的临床症状。贫血是一种常见的症，在发展中国家其患病率相当高，对它的研究日益深入，现就研究的进展综述。 【关键词】：缺铁性贫血、出血性贫血、溶血性贫血、巨幼血红细胞性贫血、再生性障碍贫血、地中海贫血 【引言】Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young children. In 2002, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) was considered to be among the most important contributing factors to the global burden of disease (1). 贫血的概述 “贫血”是指人体外周血中红细胞容积的减少，低于正常范围下限的一种常见的临床症状。在一定容积的循环血液内红细胞计数,血红蛋白量以及红细胞压积均低于正常标准者称为贫血。其中以血红蛋白最为重要，成年男性低于120g/L（12.0g/dl）,成年女性低于110g/L(11.0/dl)，一般可认为贫血。 贫血的人口分布（table3.1）和发病率以及受影响人数表（table3.2）(1) 1、Population coverage Almost the entire population was covered by survey data or regression-based estimates, since all countries except for one had an estimate. The proportion of the population covered by survey data was high for preschool-age children (76.1%) and pregnant (69.0%) and non-pregnant women (73.5%), but lower for school-age children (33.0%), men (40.2%), and the elderly (39.1%) (Table 3.1). By WHO region, the coverage was highest in the Western Pacific and lowest in Europe. Based on this population coverage, it was decided that there were insufficient data in school-age children,men, and the elderly to generate regional estimates. Table 3.1 Population coverage (%) by anaemia prevalence surveys (national or subnational) conducted between 1993 and 2005 WHO region PreSACa PW NPW SAC Men Elderly All Africa (46)b 74.6 (26)c 65.8 (22) 61.4 (23) 13.2 (8) 21.9 (11) 0.0 (0) 40.7 America