中国农业科学2008,4172033-2039.docVIP

局部根区灌水和施氮对玉米导水率的影响 张志亮，张富仓，郑彩霞，杨启良 （西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100） 摘要：【目的】研究局部根区灌水和施氮对玉米根系、冠层水分传导的影响。【方法】以陕单9号玉米为试验材料，试验采取3种灌水方式，即常规灌水（CI）、固定1/2根系区域灌水（FPRI）和交替1/2根系区域灌水（APRI）。每种灌水方式设3种供水水平：充分灌水、轻度缺水、重度缺水。3个施氮水平：高氮（每千克土施0.3g纯氮)、中氮（每千克土施0.2 g纯氮)、低氮（每千克土施0.1 g纯氮)，无肥对照。采用高压流速仪（high pressure flow meter，HPFM）测定不同水分、氮肥条件下盆栽玉米导水率。【结果】两种灌水方式下玉米导水率有极显著差异，交替灌水方式下玉米导水率大于固定灌水方式下玉米的导水率。土壤水分、氮素对玉米根系、冠层导水率的影响都达到了极显著水平。3个生育期相比较，玉米在拔节期具有较大的导水率。【结论】交替灌水方式较其他灌水方式更能促进根系的水分传导能力，有利于提高作物对水分的吸收和利用；随着土壤水分的增加玉米根系、冠层的导水率有明显的增加趋势；在土壤水分不变条件下施氮肥可以提高玉米根系、冠层的水分传导；在干旱半干旱地区，交替灌水方式具有明显的优越性。 关键词：局部根区灌水；氮肥；玉米；导水率 Effect of Partial Root Zone Irrigation and N Fertilizer on Hydraulic Conductivity of Maize ZHANG Zhi-liang, ZHANG Fu-cang, ZHENG Cai-xia, YANG Qi-liang (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi) Abstract:【Objective】The effects of partial root zone irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on hydraulic conductivity of root and shoot of maize were tudied.【Method】Shanan No.9 maize was used to measure hydraulic conductivity (K) of maize with the high pressure flow meter (HPFM) under different water and nitrogen treatments. The irrigation modes include of conventional irrigation (CI), fixed partial root zone irrigation (FPRI) and alternate partial root zone irrigation (APRI). For each irrigation mode, water was supplied by three levels: sufficient irrigation, moderate deficiency irrigation and serious deficiency irrigation. Four nitrogen levels: high, moderate, low and zero with pure nitrogen at 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0 g per kg soil respectively.【Result】 The result showed that there are remarkable differences between two irrigation ways. The K value under APRI is greater than that under FPRI. The effect of water, nitrogen on shoot and root K of maize achieved the extremely remarkable level and there is a larger K value at jointing stag