e x p e r i m e n t4( organic chemistry i)- southwest college（e x p e r m e n t4(有机化学我)——西南大学）.doc

EXPERIMENT 4 - Purification - Recrystallization of Benzoic acid Purpose: To purify samples of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature To dissociate the impure sample in the minimum amount of an appropriate hot solvent Equipment / Materials: hot plate 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask ice stirring rod spatula Büchner funnel impure benzoic acid weighing paper digital scales rubber tubing (hose) benzoic acid boiling stones (chips) filter paper 25 mL graguated cylinder 50 mL beaker Mel-temp apparatus Discussion: The products of chemical reactions can be impure. Purification of your products must be performed to remove by-products and impurities. Liquids are customarily purified by distillation, while solids are purified by recrystallization (sometimes called simply crystallization). Recrystallization is a method of purifying a solid.? There are two types of impurities:? those more soluble in a given solvent than the main component and those less soluble. (If there are any impurities that have the same solubility as the main component, then a different solvent needs to be chosen.) When organic substances are synthesized in the laboratory or isolated from plants, they will obviously contain impurities. Several techniques for purifying these compounds have been developed. The most basic of these techniques for the purification of organic solids is recrystallization, which relies on the different solubilities of solutes in a solvent. Compounds, which are less soluble, will crystallize first. The crystallization process itself helps in the purification because as the crystals form, they select the correct molecules, which fit into the crys