ppt课件-frequencyresponseoffeedbackamplifiers.pptVIP

Gain margin and phase margin Closed-loop gain of amplifiers with feedback is replacing s=j2πf gives the closed loop gain as a function of frequency For a given frequency f1, if βA(f1)=-1, the close loop gain becomes infinite. This corresponds to a pole on the jw axis at s= j2πf1. The transient response then contains a constant-amplitude sinusoid. In considering the stability of a feedback amplifier, we examine the bode plot for the loop gain βA(f) to find the frequency fgm for which the phase shift is -180 degrees. If the magnitude of the loop gain is less than unity at fgm, the amplifier is stable. On the other hand, if the loop gain magnitude is greater than unity, the amplifier is unstable. For a stable amplifier, the amount that the loop gain magnitude is below 0db is called the gain margin. A gain margin of zero implies that a pole lies on jw axis. In general, a larger gain margin results in less ringing and faster decay of transient response. Another measure of stability from the loop gain bode plot is the phase margin, which is determined at the frequency fpm for which the loop gain is unity (0db). The phase difference between the actual phase and -180 degrees is the phase margin. Stability of amplifier Since we want to design feedback amplifiers to avoid transient response ringing and frequency response peaks, a generally accepted rule of thumb is to design for a minimum gain margin of 10db and a minimum phase margin of 45 degrees. Typical magnitude and phase plot for stability consideration: Pole compensation I Negative feedback is useful to reduce distortion, stabilize gain and increase bandwidth. But to achieve these benefits, the loop gain must be much larger than unity. On one hand, we can design an amplifier with a large open-loop gain. This calls for several stages of amplification, and multi-stage amplifiers invariably introduce multiple poles. On the other hand, a large value of feedback coefficient may lead to instability in a multip