ppt课件-fungicidesnapra-purdueengineering.pptVIP

Fungicides NAPRA October 17, 2005 ASM 336 Soybean Rust Arrived in the Unites States in 2004, presumed to have been brought by Hurricane Ivan This disease has emerged as a major constraint to soybean production in South America since 2001 Predictive models suggest that conditions in the southeastern US are favorable for epidemic development most summers Soybean Rust Caused by either of two fungal species: Phakopsora pachyrhizi, also known as the Asian species, and Phakopsora meibomiae, the New World species The Asian species, first found in Louisiana last year, is the more aggressive of the two species, causing more damage to soybean plants. The fungus has been found in eight other states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina and Tennessee. Fungicides Fungicides are pesticides May be toxic to humans and wildlife Some of the fungicides used in IN have warnings on the label for endangered species Restrictions state that they are to be used prior to harvest (due to violations of high residue levels on crops) U.S. Fungicides There are only a few fungicide compounds currently registered for foliar application on soybean in the U.S. Bravo and Equus (chlorothaninol), Benlate and Topsin M (thiabendazole) and Quadris (azoxystrobularin) Efficacy data is limited on all three classes of compounds Current Research Designed to answer questions about fungicide application and efficacy on soybean Which fungicides, among those that could be or are already registered for use in the U.S., are effective in controlling soybean rust? How can we improve the methods of fungicide application? Current Research What impact on the environment would fungicides have if soybean rust reaches Indiana? Fungicide Products have not been used in the U.S. on soybeans Very little research on the impact of these fungicides Only method of calculating risk and impact is through modeling Preliminary Results Azoxystrobin Humans – Runoff concentration below he