ppt课件-hnrs227lecture#2chapters2and3-spacs.pptVIP

HNRS 227 Lecture 5 and 6 Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 Heat and Temperature Wave Motion and Sound presented by Prof. Geller Recall from Chapters 1, 2, 3 Units of length, mass and time, and metric Prefixes Density and its units The Scientific Method Speed, velocity, acceleration Force Falling objects Newton’s Laws of Motion Newton’s Law of Universal Gravity Work Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy Conversion of Energy Types/Sources of Energy Main Concepts for Chapters 4 and 5 Kinetic Molecular Theory Temperature Heat Phases of matter Thermodynamics Forces, Vibrations and Wave Motion Sound Waves and their characteristics Reflection, Refraction, Resonance 1st Law of Thermodynamics In an isolated system, the total amount of energy, including heat energy, is conserved. ENERGY IS CONSERVED Temperature A relative term reflecting how vigorously atoms in a substance are moving and colliding Alternative definition the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a region Temperature Units Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Where is absolute zero? At what temperature does water freeze? Boil? Heat Heat is a form of energy the energy flows from a warmer object to a cooler object Units of heat calorie amount of temperature needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius kilocalorie (kcal or Calorie) amount of temperature needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius Specific Heat Ability of a material to absorb heat energy proportional to mass proportional to change in temperature Q = m*c*DT c is the SPECIFIC HEAT of the substance amount of energy needed to increase temperature of 1 gram of substance 1 degree Celsius Transfer of Heat Conduction “movement of heat by collisions between vibrating atoms or molecules” Convection “transfer of heat by the physical motion of masses” cooler liquids or gasses descend while warmer liquids or gasses rise Phases and Phase Diagram (NOT IN TEXT but IMPORTANT) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Two key components heat flows from a warmer