毕业论文—基于单片机的挖掘机设计.doc

摘 要 单片机是一种集成电路芯片，是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计数器等功能（可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路）集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的微型计算机系统，在工业控制领域广泛应用。从上世纪80年代，由当时的4位、8位单片机，发展到现在的300M的高速单片机。 工程机械大多是逻辑控制较多比如挖掘机的前进、后退、转弯、主臂升降、前臂升降等运动。如果在某一时间段内重复系列动作操作人员感到枯燥乏味且劳动强度较大。能否通过人的一系列动作后使机器有一个记忆功能将重复动作自动完成？用单片机进行逻辑控制将每个动作记忆下来下次将自动按时间、顺序执行。 本系统是以挖掘机模型为控制对象，模型有4个电机分别控制左轮、右轮、主臂、前臂。此次课程设计我们做了8个手动按键来进行前进、后退、转弯、主臂升降以及前臂升降等一系列完整动作，还设计了一个按键进行手动和自动的转换SCM is a kind of integrated circuit chips, is to use very large scale integrated circuit technology with data processing ability of the central processor CPU RAM , read-only memory ROM, A variety of I/O mouth and interrupt system, timer/counter function (may include display driver circuit, pulse width modulation circuit, analog multiplexer and A/D converter circuit) integration to A piece of silicon consisting of A small and perfect microcomputer system, widely used in industrial control field. Since the 1980 s, by the time of the four, 8-bit microcontroller, development to the present 300 m high speed single chip microcomputer. Engineering machinery is mostly logic control is more, such as excavator forward, backward, turn, such as the main arm and forearm lifting movement. If within a certain period of time to repeat a series of action, the operator easy to feel boring, and the intensity of labor is larger. Can make the machine after a series of actions by people with a memory function, the repetitive movements will be automatically completed? Using single chip microcomputer logic control can be set down every action memory, the next time will automatically in accordance with the time and order. This system is based on model of excavator control object, the model has four motor respectively control the left and right wheel, main arm, forearm. The curriculum design we made eight manual buttons to move forward, backward, turn, the boom lift and forearm movements, and a series of complete action, also designed a button for man