城市园林绿化中有害生物的防治[精选].docVIP

城市园林绿化中有害生物的防治 Ecological garden mainly refers to the ecology principle to guide the construction of the garden green space system, in this system, consisting of arbor, shrub and herb and liana, mutual coordination between population, with composite layers and fitting for the seasonal colors, with different ecological features of the plant can belongs and make full use of sunlight, air, land, food, water, etc., form a harmonious and orderly, stable community, urban landscaping work of it is the embodiment of the highest level, is the inevitable outcome of the development of human material and spiritual civilization. Therefore, urban landscaping workers must attach great importance to prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests ensure the quality of urban environment. 一、城市园林中有害生物的现状 One, the status quo of urban garden harmful biology in 号称松树“癌症”的松材线虫在广东、江苏、浙江、安徽、山东等地每天都有新的疫点发生,其蔓延之势已覆盖了我国5亿多亩森林。危害100多种植物的美国白蛾在辽宁、山东、河北、天津等地并未“扑灭”,而且新疫点频频出现,现对北京已成包围之势,正在敲响北京的大门。国槐的蛀干害虫锈色粒肩天牛,八十年代至九十年代初一直以河南、山东南部为根据地,局部为害国槐、栾树,九十年代中期向东、西、北三个方向出击,成为蛀干害虫的优势种,如今已成为北京市树“国槐”新的重要蛀虫。从未过长江的北方蛀虫臭椿沟眶象,在本世纪初,跟随寄主千头椿大举入侵上海市,形成严重危害。日本松干蚧是一种毁灭性害虫,遍及华东各省,如今又向东北扩散,吉林省1994年首次发现受其侵害,至2002年发生面积已达27万亩,成灾面积13.5万亩,4万亩松林在虫口下濒死或枯死。杉树、柏树的重要蛀干害虫双条杉天牛向北已蔓延到沈阳,大有向东北扩散之势。光肩星天牛的危害面积已达50万公顷。青杨虎天牛在黑龙江哈尔滨周边地区再度暴发成灾。蔗扁蛾是我国新发现的一种鳞翅目钻蛀性害虫,危害香蕉、甘蔗等经济作物,防治难度较大,如今已遍及华东、华中、华北、西南、东北等各地城市园林,危害植物达22科之多,除巴西木、发财树、绿萝、一品红、棕竹、鹅掌柴外,全国各地尤其是城市园林许多木本、草本花卉被其侵害。杨树烂皮病1999年春在东北全部及华北、内蒙古部分地区流行,被害致死柳、杨等绿化树木近15万株。松枯梢病在山西、陕西、辽宁大发生,大连沿海地区的大片黑松患病死亡。银杏大蚕蛾仅在陕西就发生2万公顷,东亚飞蝗在西北、华北再度暴发成灾。2003年春,长春市因冻害死亡杨、柳树2万余株,由冻害引发病害,严重染病的树木3万多株。原产南美的水葫芦,学名凤眼莲,作为畜禽饲料、观赏和净化水质的植物被引入并推广种植,后逸为野生,以极快的无性繁殖,形成单一的优势群落。在云南已成“喧客夺主”的心腹之患,占据了滇池10平方公里的水域,破坏当地水生植物和水生动物,堵塞交通,给渔业和旅游业造成重大损失,严重地破坏了生物间生态平衡。 So-called pine cancer were nematodes in guangdong, jiangsu, zhejiang, anhui, shandong and other places every day have new foci of occurrence, its spreading has covered more than 500 million mu of forest in our country. Harm (more than 100 kinds of plants in places suc