air qualityand lichens- a literature review emphasizingthe（空气质量、地衣emphasizingthe——一个文献综述）（27页）.docVIP

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air qualityand lichens- a literature review emphasizingthe（空气质量、地衣emphasizingthe——一个文献综述）（27页）.doc

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air qualityand lichens- a literature review emphasizingthe（空气质量、地衣emphasizingthe——一个文献综述）（27页）

Epiphytic lichen growth and diversity as bioindicators of air quality at Watershed Park in Olympia, WA. Adriene Beaven Biology 402 Spring 2008 Final Draft Dr. Coby and Dr. Hartman Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………P. 3 Introduction……………………………………………………………...…...P. 3-9 Methods………….…………………………………………………………...P. 10-14 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………P. 14 Results……………………………………………………………………P. 14-20 Discussion….…………………………………………………………….…P. 20-25 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………P. 25-26 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………….….P. 26-27 Abstract This study was to determine if the abundance and number of epiphytic lichen species at Watershed Park in Olympia, WA, showed a correlation to air quality gradients. Fifteen plots with 6 substrates in each plot (plot= 30 meter radius) were surveyed. I was able to identify seven different species with pollution sensitivity ratings of tolerant, intermediate and sensitive. One sensitive species, Cladonia ochrochlora, was found at 8 of the plots and in close proximity to the pollution source indicating that pollution had no effect on the lichen growth. The number of lichen species and percent coverage of each plot was correlated with the distance each plot was from the pollution sources. Pollution sources include automobile exhaust from Henderson Boulevard, Interstate 5 and 22nd Street. There was no correlation between the lichen growth and these sources of pollution at Watershed Park. Introduction Lichens are one of the most successful and unique organisms present in an ecosystem (Brodo et al., 2001). They are composed of a mycobiont (usually an ascomycete), and a photobiont (algae and/or cyanobacteria). These combined organisms exist in a mutual relationship called symbiosis (McCune and Geiser, 1997; Brodo et al., 2001). There are over 14,000 species of lichen which grow in communities on a substrate such as rock, bark, soil or sometimes, on the backs of insects. The f