coastal sand dune system beachand dune erosionand coastal（海岸沙丘系统beachand沙丘erosionand沿海）（21页）.docVIP

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coastal sand dune system beachand dune erosionand coastal（海岸沙丘系统beachand沙丘erosionand沿海）（21页）.doc

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coastal sand dune system beachand dune erosionand coastal（海岸沙丘系统beachand沙丘erosionand沿海）（21页）

The Coastal Wetland System Under Maine Law, “coastal wetlands” means all tidal and subtidal lands; all areas with vegetation present that is tolerant of salt water and occurs primarily in salt water or estuarine habitat; and any swamp, marsh, bog, beach, flat or other contiguous lowland that is subject to tidal action during the maximum spring tide level as identified in tide tables published by the National Ocean Service (38 MRSA, 480-B). Maine’s coastline contains approximately 19,500 acres of coastal wetland, which is the most of any New England state, New York, or Canadian province on the Gulf of Maine (Jacobson and others, 1987). Marsh systems vary within Maine, generally based on the four different geomorphic compartments used to classify the Maine coast as outlined in the Introduction to the Maine Coastline Section of this Guide. These include, from southwest to northeast: Southwest Arcuate Embayments South-central Indented Shoreline North-central Island Bay Coast Northeast Cliffed Coast Coastal wetlands (or tidal marshes) systems within each of these compartments differ due to geology and tidal ranges. About 34% of Maine’s marshes are found within the Arcuate Embayment compartment, which is dominated by extensive coastal barrier and marsh systems. Over 35% of Maine’s marshes are located in the Indented Shoreline compartment, lending to the narrow embayments and tidal rivers that dominate this area. About 26% of marshes are located in the Island Bay Coast, which is dominated by high tidal ranges and large bays. Finally, only about 5% of Maine’s marshes are located in the Northeast Cliffed Coast compartment due to the frequency of bedrock coast and few tidal rivers (Bryan and others, 1997). Typical Coastal Wetland Features An extremely comprehensive guide titled Maine Citizen’s Guide to Evaluating, Restoring, and Managing Tidal Marshes (Bryan and others, 1997) has already been produced, and is the basis for much of the work herein. Several