descriptionoftexascoastalandmarinehabitat（123页）.docVIP

DESCRIPTION OF TEXAS COASTAL AND MARINE HABITAT Bays and Estuaries 6 Submerged Vegetation 7 Emergent Vegetation 10 Salt Marsh 12 Brackish Marsh 13 Intermediate Marsh 13 Fresh Marsh 14 Swamps and Bottomland Hardwoods 14 Status and Trends of Texas Coastal Wetlands 14 Sabine Lake 17 Galveston Bay 17 Matagorda Bay 19 San Antonio Bay 20 Aransas Bay 21 Corpus Christi Bay 21 Upper Laguna Madre 23 Lower Laguna Madre 24 Gulf of Mexico 25 South Texas Shelf 27 Circulation Patterns 29 WATER QUALITY 30 Monitoring and Water Quality Standards 31 Holistic Estuary Water Management Problems 34 Specific Bay Systems 34 Galveston Bay 34 Corpus Christi Bay 35 Other Waterbodies 36 Salinity 36 Temperature 39 Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity and pH 39 HABITAT QUALITY, QUANTITY, GAIN, LOSS and DEGRADATION 40 Hypoxia 40 Historical Tracking of the Hypoxia Zone 43 Algal Blooms 45 Meteorological Events 47 El Ni?o and La Ni?a 47 Atmospheric Deposition 48 Anthropogenic Habitat Impacts 49 Demographic Trends 49 Habitat Alteration 50 Industrial/Commercial Development and Operations 50 Housing Developments 52 Oil and Gas Operations in the Gulf of Mexico 53 Petroleum Products and Operations 55 Loss of Barrier Islands and Shorelines 57 Navigation Projects, Ports, Marinas and Maintenance Dredging 58 Pipeline Crossings and Rights-of-Way 62 Ocean Dumping 63 Dredge and Fill 64 Exotic Species 66 Fishing Impacts 67 Aquaculture Effluent Discharges 70 Wetland Impoundment and Water Management 71 Hydrology 72 Freshwater Inflows 72 Channelization 77 Dams and Springs 78 Point and Non-point Source Pollution 80 Hazardous Waste Management 86 Chemical Contaminant Spills 87 Sea Level Rise 87 Development of Artificial Reefs 901 Associated Maps River Basins……………………………………………………………………………..………12 Brazos River Basin………………………………………………………………………………13 Canadian River Basin……………………………………………………………………………14 Colorado River Basin……………………………………………………………………..……...15 Sulphur River and Cypress Creek Basins………………………………………………….…….16 Guadalupe a