m o d u l e c– d i f f u s i o n o f p u l m o n a r y g a s e s（m o d c - u l e d i f f u s i o n o f p u r l m o n y g s e s）（8页）.docVIP

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m o d u l e c– d i f f u s i o n o f p u l m o n a r y g a s e s（m o d c - u l e d i f f u s i o n o f p u r l m o n y g s e s）（8页）.doc

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MODULE C –DIFFUSION OF PULMONARY GASES CHAPTER 3 Definition of Terms Alveolar Air Equation Dalton’s Law Diffusion DLCO Fick’s Law Fractional Concentration Graham’s Law Henry’s Law Respiratory Quotient Water Vapor Pressure Questions: Why does breathing 100% oxygen increase oxygen’s diffusion rate? Which of the following constitutes a diffusion problem: partially obstructed airways or a reduced alveolar capillary membrane area? Diffusion Definition: Diffusion is defined as the movement of gas molecules from an area of relatively high concentration of gas to an area of low concentration or from an area of high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure. Diffusion will continue until the gas(s) have reached equilibrium. Barometric Pressure: The atmospheric pressure that surrounds the earth is called the barometric pressure. At sea level one atmosphere equals 760 mm Hg or 1034 cm H20. Barometric Pressure is measured with a barometer Barometric pressure changes with altitude; as you increase in altitude, the barometric pressure decreases. Fractional (%) Concentration of the Gases The atmosphere is composed of primarily 4 gases Nitrogen (N2) – 78% (78% of the atmosphere is comprised of N2) Oxygen (O2) – 21% (21% of the atmosphere is comprised of O2) Argon (Ar) – 0.93% Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – 0.03% The % composition of each gas is called the Fractional Concentration FIN2 or FN2 FIO2 or FO2 FIAr or FAr FICO2 or FCO2NOTE: The inclusion of an “I” indicates inspired gas, which implies that it is saturated with water vapor. The % concentrations of gases do not change with altitude. It remains the same at high and low altitudes. Patients can be given supplemental oxygen (21 – 100%) to raise the fractional concentration. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures Each gas in a gas mixture exerts its own individual partial pressure Barometric pressure x Fractional Concentration = Partial Pressure of the Dry Gas The partial pressures of each atmospheric gas (d