unit4crustalchange（22页）.docVIP

Unit 6: Crustal Change I Earthquakes: are a shaking of the Earths surface. YouTube - Earthquake Destruction EQ’s occur when rocks break and shift along a Fault. (text p. 220, 219, 312-311) [Diagram: Normal Faults] Examine Rock Motion Along a Fault Example: San Andreas Fault, California p.325 1. Focus: the exact location in the crust where the rocks move. This may be many miles below the surface. 2. Epicenter: the location on the surface directly above the focus. 3. Seismic Waves: energy that moves out in all directions from the focus. (text p.219) [Add to Diagram] vidclip- Fault lines and earthquakes B. Types of Seismic Waves 1. Primary or P Waves vibrate rock the same direction as wave movement. Observe animations of earthquake waves. 2. Secondary or S Waves vibrate rock at right angles to direction of wave movement. Observe animations of earthquake waves. 3. Land or L Waves move along the surface and cause most of the damage to people and property. (See text p.224) [Demo: Slinky] C. Features of Seismic Waves 1. P Waves travel faster than S waves. 2. Both P and S waves speed up as rock density increases. 3. P waves travel through solids and liquids. S waves travel only through solids These facts are used to determine the structure of the Earths Interior. Savage Earth Animation: Earthquake! Examine Earthquake Waves Moving Through the Earth YouTube - Earthquakes-Hommocks Earth Science Department 0:00-4:40 D. Earthquakes are measured in three ways: 1. The Richter Scale measures the height (amplitude) of the waves on a seismogram. An increase of “1”, means Earth shakes 10X more. Used by news reporters, no longer used by scientists. 2. Moment Magnitude measures how much rock moves along a fault. Estimates energy released by EQ. Used by scientists. (See text p.227-228) 3. Mercalli Scale measures the effect of an EQ o