Chapte的r_01.pptVIP

PART I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES （基本原理） Chapter 1 Aerodynamics: Some Introductory Thoughts 1.1 Importance of Aerodynamics:Historical Examples Sea battle between English fleet and Spanish fleet, English channel,8-8-1588 (英国与西班牙海战，英吉利海峡） First flight of Wright brothers,12-27-1903 (怀特兄弟首次飞行） Minimizing of aerodynamic heating of ICBMs (洲际弹道导弹气动热降低问题） 1. Newton’s sine-square law a) Newton considered a fluid flow as a uniform, rectilinear stream of particles, much like a cloud of pellets from a shotgun blast. b) Newton assumed that upon striking a surface inclined at a angle to the stream, the particles would transfer their normal momentum to the surface but their tangential momentum would be preserved. Hence, after collision with the surface, the particles would then move along the surface. This led to an expression for the hydrodynamics force on the surface which varies as First flight of Wright brothers Dec. 17, 1903 1.2 Aerodynamics:Classification and Practical Objectives(空气动力学：分类和应用目标） Distinction of solids, liquids, and gases Practical applications in engineering Practical objectives of Aerodynamics 1. The prediction of forces and moments on and heat transfer to, bodies moving through a fluid. 2. Determination of flows moving internally through ducts 3. External aerodynamics 4. Internal aerodynamics 1.3 Road Map of this chapter What’s the usage of the road map At the beginning of each chapter, road map give you the sense for you get to know where you are, where you are going, and how can you get there Show the interrelationship of the materials in the chapter At the end of the chapter, after you look back over the road map, you will see where you started, where you are now, and what you learned in between. 1.5 Aerodynamic forces and moments Aerodynamic forces and moments on a moving body are due to only two basic sources: 1. Pressure distribution over the body surface 2. Shear stress distribution over the body surface Both pressure and shear stress hav