+N-大葉大學.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ch7-* Example 1. Find the generating functions for the sequences {ak} with (1) ak= 3 (2) ak = k+1 (3) ak = 2k (1) G(x) = Sol : (3) G(x) = (2) G(x) = Ch7-* Example 2. What is the generating function for the sequence 1,1,1,1,1,1 ? Sol : (expansion，展開式) (closed form) a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6及之後都=0 G(x) = = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 +… Exercise : 2 Ch7-* Example 3. Let m?Z+ and ,for k = 0, 1, …, m. What is the generating function for the sequence a0, a1,…, am ? Sol : G(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + … + amxm = (1+x)m (by下面的二項式定理) Ch7-* Example 4. The function f (x) = is the generating function of the sequence 1, 1, 1, …, because  = 1 + x + x2 + …= when |x| 1. Useful Facts About Power Series Example 5. The function f (x) = is the generating function of the sequence 1, a, a2, …, because  = 1 + ax + a2x2 + …= when |ax| 1 for a≠0. Exercise : 5(a)(b), 11(a) Ch7-* Theorem 1. Let f(x) = and g(x) = . Then f(x) + g(x) = . f(x) g(x) = (a0+a1x+a2x2 +…)(b0+b1x +b2x2+…) = (a0b0)+(a0b1+a1b0) x+(a0b2+a1b1+a2b0) x2+…  = Ch7-* Example 6. Let f (x) = . Use Example 4 to find the coefficients a0, a1, a2, … in the expansion f (x)= . Sol : = 1 + x + x2 + … = = ? ak = k+1 Example 7. Find and Sol : Ch7-* Def 2. Let u?R and k?N. Then the extended binomial coefficient is defined by Ch7-* Example 8 When the top parameter is a negative integer, the extended binomial coefficient can be expressed in terms of an ordinary binomial coefficient. Ch7-* Thm 2. (The Extended Binomial Theorem) Let x?R with |x|1 and let u?R, then Ch7-* Example 9. Find the generating functions for (1+x)-n a