水利水电工程专业英语水工结构篇.docx

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇1. Planning Approach and its Physical Factors1. 规划方法和物理因素Dams are one of the groups of important civil engineering work constructed by man for his physical, economic, and environmental betterment. This list also includes waterways, highways, bridges, pipelines, electrical transmission lines, dikes and levees, railroads, tunnels, jetties, breakwaters, docks, irrigation structures, recreational lakes, and others.大坝是重要的土建工程组之一，由人们以改善其物质、经济和环境的目的而建设。其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。In almost every water project plan or situation one or more dams are important elements of a project plan. However, it is seldom that the dam is the sole or only facility. In a flood control plan, a dam and reservoir may be the only project works, but it is more likely accompanied advantageously with levees and other channel control works. In water supply-irrigation, municipal, industrial, and domestic-and in power generation, dams are one of a combination of project features needed to accomplish the desired project. In such cases, the dam cannot be justified independently of the other project facilities. To be economically, financially, socially, and environmentally justified it must be evaluated jointly with the group combination of project features and the total plan evaluated and judged as to its merit. Planning for a dam is one part of the planning process for the total project objective. The location, size, and design of a dam will be influenced, and often controlled, by the selection of the attainable and best warranted overall project plan.Physical factors of plan formulation include the followings:在几乎所有的水工程计划或选址中，一个或多个大坝对于一个项目计划来说是非常重要的因素。但是，大坝也很少是唯一的设施。在一个防洪计划中，一个大坝和水库可能是仅有的工作工程，但是它很可能更有效地配有堤坝和其他渠道控制工程。在灌溉供水、市政、工业和生活以及发电中，大坝是为了达到设计目的的项目功能组合之一。因此，大坝孤立于其他的工程设施是不合理的。为了从经济、财政、社会和环境方面证明其合理性，就必须结合项目特点和整个计划对其优点进行评估和判断。对大坝的规划是对整个项目目标规划过程的一部分。大坝的坝址、规模和设计将会受到可达到的和最佳选择的整个项目计划的影响，并且经常受到其控制。计划制定的物理因素包括以下几个方面：1.1 Water Supply Available for Development1.