(老师用汉译英三大基本问题.docVIP

二笔汉译英基本翻译思维（教师用） 一、联句与断句 第一种、顺着译：平铺直叙的、语意完整，大胆断句，用点隔开。 * TTPS应该有比较语言学这门必修课程。比较语言学之所以是必修课，因为翻译实际上无时无刻不需要比较双语之异同。——刘宓庆《翻译教学：实务与理论》，225 1. 认识落后，才能改变落后，学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。 Backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed. A peron must learn from the advanced before he can catch up and surpass them. 2.（2005-5）生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下功夫学习过中医。 The burden of life seemed to be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine. 紫鹃答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盆儿，将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上，开了套间门出来，仍旧带上门，放下撒花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。(《红楼梦》 Zijuan was answering and hurried out to change a spittoon and put the spittoon in her hand on the table and opened the door of inner room to go out，still closed it，let down the flowered portiere and went to wake Xueyan．（?） 4、我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。 I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms. 汉语为加强语气，对于一件事，往往从一个方面说了之后，还要从另一个方面说一说。英语则不然，前面有了All I remember now is ...，后面如果再说and I dont remember anything else，就显多余。 “方面”、“方式”、“问题”、“情况”之类的范畴词，在汉语句子里没有多少实际意义，但很有用，可以使句子流畅。汉译英时，范畴词可以不译，英译汉时，可以酌情使用。 5.中国有13亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。 China has a population of more than 1.3 billion, and its land natural resources per capita are lower than the world’s average. 顺着译其它译例参看：卢敏《二笔真题》P195 第二种、中文句子内部蕴涵有因果、转折、顺承、假设等逻辑关系的，主动添加逻辑连接词连成一句、“避免一盘散沙”。 6. 有的人以为散文不可捉摸，拿起笔来先害怕。 Some people regard prose-writing as something difficult to master. Once they take up the pen, they are seized with a kind of fear. 7. 济南地段的黄河，夏天河面宽，水流急，---- 泥沙沉淀淤积，河床逐年加高，----水位高于地面十余米。 The Yellow River at Jinan is wide and turbulent in summer. With years of precipitation and deposition of silt, its bed has become higher and higher so that its average water level is about 10 meters aboe the ground. 8. 一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴，秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。 When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss s