IntroductiontoMRI.pptVIP

Introduction to MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Speaker：Tsung-Hsueh Lee Advisor：Prof. Tzi-Dar Chiueh Date：March 21, 2005 Outline Physic phenomena Spatial Encoding Image Construction Fast scanning MRI Hardware Conclusion Reference Physic phenomena Spatial Encoding Image Construction Fast scanning MRI Hardware Conclusion Reference Spinning Spinning charged particle creates an electromagnetic field Spin quantum number S # of energy states = 2S+1 Precession Larmor Equation Why hydrogen nucleus 1. Large component of human body 2. Odd number of protons (unpaired protons) Energy Level Energy state is not always the same For 1H B0=1.5T Energy State=2 Precession frequency= 42.58MHz/T*1.5T=64MHz RF Pulse If the pulse F equals Larmor F Resonance Rf pulse causes a flip angle and also makes protons get in phase Some protons will change energy state 900 pulse and 1800 pulse 900 pulse lets MXY=M0 and Used to excite protons Partial flip 1800 inverts M0 and precession direction T1 Relaxation Time After RF pulse 1. Spins go back to the lowest energy state 2. Spins get out of phase T1 also called spin-lattice relaxation time Spins give energy to the surrounding lattice T2* Relaxation Time Due to Interactions among individual spins External magnetic field inhomogeneity T2 and T2* Use 1800 pulse to refocus Eliminate the effect of external magnetic field T2 Relaxation Time or spin-spin relaxation time T1 and T2 T2 usually much faster than T1 Pulse Sequence TR - time to repeat 900 pulse TE – time to echo Spin Echo (SE) Sequence T1 Weighted Image Very long TR – T1 effect canceled Short TR short TE – T1 weighted image T2 Weighted Image Long TE – T2 weighted image Very short TR – Signal intensity too small Physic phenomena Spatial Encoding Image Construction Fast scanning MRI Hardware Conclusion Reference Slice-Select Gradient Use different RF to excite different slices Thickness Frequency range Gradient Frequency and Phase Encoding Use Gy gr