semanticmapofpaticipant’swish- universityof groningen（semanticmapofpaticipant swish -格罗宁根大学）.docVIP

Semantic map of paticipant’s wish. Khanina Olga, Moscow State University In this paper I would like to discuss the ambiguity of desiderative markers and desiderative constructions observed in the world languages: indeed, quite often their meaning is not restricted to pure participant’s wish (X wants to do something/X wants Y to do something). Thus, I am going to present the evidence from languages where the same linguistic means (affixes or syntactic constructions) are used to express both desiderative meaning, taken for a departure point, and some others. The latter can be divided into the following groups. 1. Modal meanings. expected future (Itelmen, Kayardild, Yimas), prospective future (Chuvash, Rama), planned future (Mangarayi, Sierra Miwok), prescription (Kayardild), ability (Kayardild, Mapuche), skill (Mapuche), necessity (Tamil, Telugu), obligation (Tatar), optative (Alutor), imperative meaning (Amele) 2. Aspectual meanings. repetition in the past (Kayardild), present habitual (Chuvash), present actual meaning (Chuvash) 3. Some other not classified meanings. attribution (Tukang Besi), posession (Bambara, Taba, Tamil, Telugu, Tukang Besi), purpose (Kayardild, Yimas), feeling (Enga), failure in completing planned action (Basque, Sierra Miwok, Slave), likes (Tsakhur, Bagwalal) Certainly, no language combine all these grammatical sems in one affix or construction, instead there are a lot of cases where several of them are grouped together. So this typological data has led us to the idea of a semantic map that allows to represent the object of the present study in a structural way, to detect universal semantic relationships between the grammatical meanings listed above and to predict possible restrictions on synchronic meaning of desire markers and their diachronic developments (studied so far practically only for the path ‘desire-future’, cf. [Bybee et al. 1994]). References. Bybee J., Perkins R., Pagliuca W. 1994. The evolution of grammar: tense, aspect