attachment a student geography noteson russiaand central asia（附件一个学生地理noteson俄罗斯和中亚）（5页）.docVIP

Attachment A: Student Geography Notes on Russia and Central Asia I. Three plains stretch across Europe and Asia: A. The North European Plain 1. Center of economic life for one-quarter of the people of Russia and Central Asia 2. Chernozem soil in the area makes the Ukraine one of the best farming areas in Europe. 3. Two major Russian cities are on the plain — Moscow and St. Petersburg 4. One Ukrainian city is located on the plain — Kiev. B. West Siberian Plain 1. East of the Ural Mountains 2. World’s largest flat land — about 1 million sq. miles 3. Unsuited for farming — mostly marshes, swamps, and frozen land C. The Turan Lowland 1. Located between the Caspian Sea and the Tian Shan Mountains 2. Some irrigated land, but most of the area is desert, called kums (the two Kara-Kum or “Black Sands” Desert and the Kyzyl-Kum or “Red Sands” Desert) II. Mountains and plateaus A. Carpathian Mountains border the Ukraine. B. Caucasus Mountains separate Azerbaijan and Georgia. C. Ural Mountains separate Europe from Asia and European Russia from Siberia. D. East Siberian Uplands form the largest region in Siberia E. Central Siberian Plateau III. Seas and lakes A. Many rivers and lakes are ice covered most of the year. B. The Black Sea (warm water sea) empties into the Mediterranean Sea. C. The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world. 1. The Caspian Sea is shrinking due to evaporation and irrigation. D. The Aral Sea is also shrinking due to evaporation and irrigation. E. Lake Baikal in Siberia is the oldest (25 million years) and deepest lake in the world. 1. Contains one-fifth of the world’s fresh water 2. Holds more water than the five great lakes combined 3. It would take all the water from all the major rivers in the world to fill Lake Baikal. IV. Rivers A. The Amur River flows east and forms the boundary between Russia and China. 1. This is the only agricultural area in east Siberia B. The Lena, Yenisey, and Ob Rivers flow north and are fro