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ingram, s- n e r c open research archive（英格拉姆,s - n e r c研究档案开放）.doc

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Strong site-fidelity increases vulnerability of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in a mass tourism destination in the western Mediterranean Sea. Joan Gonzalvo 1, Jaume Forcada2, Esteve Grau1 and Alex Aguilar1 1Department of Animal Biology (Vertebrates) and IrBIO, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08071 Barcelona, Spain 2British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom The local population of common bottlenose dolphin in the Balearic Islands coastal waters, a mass tourism destination in the western Mediterranean subject to increasing anthropogenic pressures, was monitored over a three-year period. Photoidentification surveys provided a relatively small population estimate even though the Islands are considered to be a hotspot for the species in the Mediterranean. Dolphins showed strong site-fidelity and relatively limited mobility across the archipelago, which makes them highly dependent on waters which are severely affected by overfishing, habitat degradation, and boat disturbance resulting from a continuously growing tourism and shipping industry. Ecosystem-based management actions are urgently needed to ensure the conservation of this fragile population of bottlenose dolphins. Conservation measures should be developed within the already existing political and legal marine biodiversity conservation framework and in collaboration with local authorities and stakeholders. Key words: Tursiops truncatus, photoidentification, site-fidelity, abundance estimate, Mediterranean. Running head: Dolphin site-fidelity increases vulnerability INTRODUCTION Bottlenose dolphins are among the most widespread and best known of the small cetaceans. They occur in nearly all tropical and temperate seas and are typically found in shallow and coastal habitats although they also occupy oceanic waters (Leatherwood Reeves, 1983). The common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montag