vorlagefür nomos(deutsch)v1.0（vorlagefur××(deutsch)v1.0）.docVIP

Environmental Impacts The environmental impacts of the different energy technologies used in our scenario have already been summarized in /MED-CSP 2005/, pp. 159 ff. and the respectively quoted references, and will not be repeated here. However, the impacts resulting from the specific TRANS-CSP electricity mix in Europe and the environmental impacts related to the power transmission lines from MENA to Europe will be discussed in more detail. Environmental Impacts of the TRANS-CSP Scenario The goal of our study was to demonstrate the possibility of a sustainable power supply system in the analysed EUMENA countries with considerably reduced greenhouse gas emissions without creating other serious environmental, societal or economic problems. The major environmental impacts resulting from the scenario are related to the emissions of greenhouse gases, land use and other local impacts. They are summarised in the following: Emission of Greenhouse Gases The emissions of renewable energy technologies are mainly occurring during the production of the plant’s components, because most plants are produced within today’s industrial production schemes that use mostly fossil energy. Thus, the emission occurs from fossil power plants that are at present used to provide energy for the production of plant components. The life cycle emissions are valid for a power park with average CO2 emissions of 700 g/kWh. During operation, only biomass and geothermal plants produce emissions. The emission of greenhouse gases (CO2 equivalent) of renewable energy technologies are by orders of magnitude lower than those of fossil fuelled technologies. Coal plants usually have emissions of 900 – 1100 kg CO2/MWh, oil plants around 600 - 700 kg CO2/MWh. Even coal plants with CO2 sequestration would still emit more CO2 than solar or wind power plants, as about 15-20 % of their emissions would still reach the atmosphere. Moreover, it is not yet clear for how long CO2 reservoirs of sequestration wo