应化专业英语翻译unit10 reading material[精选].docVIP

Nomenclature of Derivative Aldehydes and Ketones 醛和酮 The IUPAC nomenclature for aldehydes and ketones follows the familiar pattern of selecting as the parent compound the longest chain of carbon atoms that contains the functional group.The aldehyde group is shown by changing the suffix-e of the parent name to -al.Because the aldehyde group can appear only at the end of a hydrocarbon chain and because numbering must start with it as carbon1,its position is unambiguous and therefore there is no need to use a number to locate it .Following are IUPAC names for several low-molecularweight aldehydes. 对醛和酮的系统命名法遵循熟悉的模式，即选择含官能团的最长链做母体化合物。醛的命名是把母体的后缀-e变成-al。因为醛基只能出现在碳氢链的一端且必须把醛基作为起始碳原子1，它的位置是独一无二的，因此不需要用数字表示它的位置。下列是几种低分子量醛的系统命名： CH3CH2CHO (CH3)2CHCH2CHO CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO Propanal 3-methylbutanal 2-methylbutanal 丙醛 3-甲基丁醛 2-甲基丁醛 For unsaturated aldehydes (that is ,those also containing an alkene),the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond is indicated by the infix-en-,as shown in the following examples.As with other molecules with both an infix and a suffix,the location of the suffix determines the numbering pattern. 对不饱和醛（也就是说，还含有烯烃），碳碳双键的存在用中缀-en-表示，像下面的例子。对于同时有中缀和后缀的分子，后缀的位置表示其编号部分。 2-propenal 3,7-dimethy-2,6-octadienal 2-丙烯醛 3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯 Among aldehydes for which the IUPAC system retains common names are benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. 在系统命名法中保留的醛的俗名是安息香醛和肉桂醛。 In the IUPAC system ,ketones are named by selecting as the parent compound the longest chain that contains the carbonyl group and then indicating its presence by changing the suffix from -e to -one.The parent chain is numbered from the direction that gives the carbonyl group the lowest number .The IUPAC system retains the common names acetone and acetophenone.The followings are some examples: 在IUPAC系统中，酮的命名是选择包括羰基的最长碳链做母链，通过把后缀-e换成-one来表明酮的存在。母链编号从使羰基的位次最小的一端开始。IUPAC系统保留了俗名丙酮和苯乙酮。下面是一些例子 2-