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SUMMARY SATELLITE ALTIMETRY: PRINCIPLE OF MEASUREMENT, JASON SATELLITES, PHENOMENA OBSERVED CLIMATE CHANGE AND REMOTE SENSING  OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY SATELLITE ALTIMETRY: INTRODUCTION Seventy-one per cent of the planet’s surface is covered by water and a key dimension to understanding the forces behind changing weather patterns can only be found by mapping variations in ocean surface conditions all over the world and by using the collected data to develop and run powerful models of ocean behaviour. Combining oceanic and atmospheric models ? accurate forecasts on both a short- and long-term basis. Coupling of oceanic and atmospheric models needed to take the mesoscale (medium-distance) dynamics of the oceans ? weather forecasting beyond two weeks. The oceans are also an important part of the process of climate change and a rise in sea levels all over the world is widely recognized as potentially one of the most devastating consequences of global warming. SATELLITE ALTIMETRY JASON 1, 2 SATELLITES: CNES, NASA, NOAA and EUMETSAT Measurements: ● Distance between the Satellite and the sea ● wave height ● wind speeds Accuracy: Range to surface (cm, corrected)?: 2.3 Radial orbit height (cm)?: 1.0 Sea-surface height (cm)?: 2.5 Wind speed (m/s)?: 1.5 SATELLITE ALTIMETRY Altimetry is a technique for measuring height. Satellite altimetry measures the time taken by a radar pulse to travel from the satellite antenna to the surface and back to the satellite receiver. Combined with precise satellite location data, altimetry measurements yield sea-surface heights. TOPEX-POSEIDON launched on August 10, 1992, decommissioned late 2005. Jason-1 satellite was launched on December 7, 2001. Jason-2 satellite was launched on June 20, 2008. Orbit?: Altitude 1336 km, circular, non-sun-synchronous 66° inclination, global data coverage between 66°N and 66°S latitude 10-day repeat of ground track (±1-km accuracy) coverage of 95% of ice-free oceans every 10-days SATELLITE A