ppt课件-geologichazardsspacegeodesy（geologichazardsspacegeodesy）.pptVIP

geologic hazards space geodesy part 1: Introduction thanks Ken Hudnut, USGS Roger Bilham, University of Colorado USAID, ADPC, USGS Thai National Disaster Warning Center Chulalongkorn University Geodesy and measuring changes Many applications From planetary physics to Earth structure to surface monitoring What changes in the shape of the earth are associated with tsunamis? What causes tsunamis? What causes tsunamis? Fault slip caused the sea floor to deform (4-5 meters up, and 10-11 meters to the west) This pushed the water and formed the tsunami Model by Dr. Chen Ji at Caltech, funded by USGS external research program Before events Before events Before events Before events Temporal variations do occur: Clustering (e.g., Basin Range, ECSZ, Asia) Discrepant geological and geodetic rates Sequences involving fault interaction (e.g., Joshua Tree - Landers - Big Bear - Hector Mine; Anatolian system, etc.) Implement robust research findings into hazard assessment During events During events During events During events So how can GPS help? So how can GPS help? So how can GPS help? So how can GPS help? So how can GPS help? Regional displacement Local displacement Failure of structures Landscape changes Seismic hazard mapping * measuring the shape of the earth… Indian Ocean Sumatra WEST EAST Where the India plate is pushed down beneath the Banda micro-plate, it is being SUBDUCTED. Where the two plates’ surfaces are sliding past each other, it gets caught for hundreds of years and then the stored stress is released in a big earthquake. Courtesy Anke Friedrich Courtesy of Space Imaging and USGS CRSSP O. Konca, Caltech Timing characteristics Plate motions Over a range of scales Elastic buckling bathymetry Distribution of elastic strain *