ppt课件-package1-belépoldal.pptVIP

Package 1 Origin, Deposition Mechanisms, Exploration and Occurence of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reservoir Engineering, Forecasts, Deep Drilling and Production Engineering Composition and Classification of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Transportation and Storage of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Definition Crude oil is the name given to all organic compounds which are liquid under reservoir conditions. Petroleum composition: - hydrocarbons -S, O, N, P compounds -metal compounds (V, Ni, Cu, Co, Mo, Pb, Cr, As) H2S and water Elementary composition: C 79,5-88,5%, H 10-15,5% Constituents of petroleum Alkanes Naphtenes Aromatics Classification of crude oils Paraffin based -found in deeper zones Naphtene or asphalt based –found in upper level Mixed-based –found in middle zones Composition on worldwide basis: ~30% paraffins, 40% naphtenes, 25% aromatics Natural Gas Dry and wet natural gases Components: methane, higher hydrocarbons, nitrogen, carbondioxid, hydrogen sulfide, helium Associated gas, closely connected to crude oil Natural gas---non-associated Formation of crude oilpredominantly of organic origin Petroleum source rock-deposits in sedimentary basin contain organic residues of terrestrial, limnic, fluvial and marine origin-conversion under anaerobic conditions-resulting in bitumen or kerogen Source rock should contain 0,5% TOC Anoxic zones: nonmarine lakess (lake Tanganyika), closed inland seas with positive water balance (Black Sea deep zones), ascent of marine current from greater depths (Benguela current Africa, Humboldt current, Peru), open ocean (global climatic warming with large transgressions in Jurassic and middle Cretaceous period) Crude oil formation from phytoplankton, bacteria-in the Silurian—Devonian period Formation: organic material in sapropels is decomposed, decayed by anaerobic bacteria, organic material adsorbed onto fine clay particles, which sink to the sea floor. Sedimentation condition in Pliocene were similar to that of novadays in the of