ppt课件-p ch04 onthe water- st. paul sailand power squadron（p ch04在水-圣保罗sailand中队）.pptVIP

? 2003, R J Sweet, “GPS for Mariners.” Reprinted with permission Piloting 2008 - Chapter 4 Responsibilities of the Skipper You are responsible for the safety of Your crew Your boat You decide on navigation Use the techniques that ensure your safety The Piloting Course provides the tools It’s up to you to decide how to apply them The Basic Technique GPS is your primary position sensor Ship’s Compass for Steering Seaman’s Eye to keep in touch with surroundings Hand-Bearing Compass to take bearings Plot GPS Position at regular intervals (~1hr) Verify position via independent means View from the Water Study charts so you know what to look for Learn to recognize ‘on-the-water’ views Navigation Aids Landmarks Land Features Practice on clear days so you know the landscape when it turns restricted Use GPS as Primary Position Sensor GPS must be properly set up Chart Datum -- WGS 84 (or other as required) Latitude Longitude (grid) Degrees, Minutes, Tenths of Minutes for most coastal charts Degrees, Minutes, Seconds for many inland charts Magnetic directions (preferred, auto set) Distance and Speed – match the chart Coastal Nautical Miles (nm) Knots (kn) Great Lakes and inland lakes and rivers Statute Miles (mi) Miles per Hour (mph) Use the Compass for Steering GPS is NOT a compass It provides direction based on movement history Will not work in static situation Compass is easier to steer with May need to use GPS to get oriented Then, read and follow the compass heading Attributes of a Quality Compass Repeatability Always returns to the same reading When returned to the same heading or, when temporarily diverted using a magnet or metallic object Damping Turns smoothly on your boat Sail Powerboat compasses are different Largest you can afford Easier to read, smoother movement Top reading preferred Errors Affecting Compasses Metallic Objects Alter local magnetic fields Can cause compass errors Current-carrying Wires Create their own magnetic fields Inter