ppt课件-the evolutionof fission energy lessonsfor fusion energy（evolutionof裂变能量一点聚变能）.pptVIP

The Evolution of Fission Energy:Lessons for Fusion Energy? Mark Haynes General Atomics Thesis Many differences between fission and fusion development, but there are important lessons to be learned from fission’s evolution ? It’s a nuclear energy source - Major Successes - Major and Bruising Failures - Near Death Experience - Likely Resurrection ? Expensive multi-year government funding program ? Mutual understanding between communities is important …”nuclear power is dead - dead in the near term as a hedge against rising oil prices and dead in the long run as a source of future energy. Nobody really disputes that.” Forbes Magazine Feb. 11, 1985 What Caused the Near Death of Fission? Campaign of overbuilding (7% growth assumption) High Inflation / High Interest Rates Construction mismanagement Construction delays and spiraling expense Growing public fears and mistrust / Strengthening anti-nuclear movement Three Mile Island Subsequent zealous regulation / extensive plant re-designs and modifications Plant cancellations and financial fallout Lack of solution for spent fuel Frozen technological development Effects of “Near Death” 75 plants cancelled (28 under construction) 30 years of no new orders Gas cooled reactor orders are cancelled, breeder program is cancelled, reprocessing facilities stopped Loss of federal funding for LWRs, gas reactors and fast reactors U.S. owned industry almost disappears and foreign countries take over leadership Focus On: Evolution / Selection of Technology Industry Safety and Public Fears Funding Fission: Rapid Development 1939: Bohr comes to America and announces Hahn-Strassman-Meitner discoveries 1942: Chicago Pile1: First fission “ignition” 1951: EBR I goes critical - electric power 1957: First commercial reactor, Shippingport reaches full power (adapted Naval carrier reactor) - Early proof that fission would work - 15 yea