ppt课件-theory implementationofthe scanning tunneling microscope（理论implementationofthe扫描隧道显微镜）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-theory implementationofthe scanning tunneling microscope（理论implementationofthe扫描隧道显微镜）.ppt

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Theory Implementation of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope Neil Troy The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) Classical vs. Quantum mechanics Engineering Hurdles Implementation Images * STM invented in 1981 by Greg Binnig Heinrich Rohrer at IBM and were awarded with a Nobel Prize in 1986 Classical vs. Quantum Classically, if one threw a ball at a brick wall (and didn’t miss horribly) they would always find the ball on their side of the wall, because unless you are Superman there is no way that you are throwing the ball hard enough to break through the wall. Some later time Quantum mechanically, however, the ball has some finite probability of “tunneling” through the wall. The ball need not be thrown incredibly hard to achieve this, although the more energy the ball has the more likely it will be to tunnel. Some later time Mathematical Approach Standard 1-D wave equation where U(z) is the potential of the barrier, and E is the particle’s energy Which has the normal solution of a traveling wave: where This is the general solution but in the event that U E we can factor out an i and we get a solution that has a completely different meaning. which for our scenario, where z 0, we get an exponential decay as the electron sees if it can tunnel through the barrier. Visualization of tunneling Low energy particle is confined to stay in its potential well. Higher energy particle has a possibility of passing through the wall and continuing with less energy than before. Practical application for probing A Current If two metals are connected to opposite ends of a battery but are separated from each other than they logically should not conduct electricity. However, as we bring the metals extremely close to each other the wavefunctions of the electrons are able to tunnel through the gap and we will detect a current on our meter. 0 How this is different than arcing Hi Voltage Let’s abandon quantum mechanics and our microscope for a second and look at the slightly different conce