ppt课件-understanding variationin your charts- n p a i h b（理解variationin你的图表- n p h b）.pptVIP

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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-understanding variationin your charts- n p a i h b（理解variationin你的图表- n p h b）.ppt

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Understanding Variation in Your Charts Module 5 What is the state ofStatistical Control? A stable mean over time with only random variation about that mean so that it is possible to predict how the system will behave in the near future. – a paraphrase of Shewhart’s 1931 definition. No trends No spikes No steps No cyclical patterns Does this chart show data in statistical control? How about this one? Statistical Process Control vs. Stationary Time Series Here SPC and Time Series Analysis agree. A Time series is stationary if “there is no systematic change in the mean (no trend), if there is no systematic change in the variation, and if strictly periodic variations have been removed.” (Source: Chatfield (2004) The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction.) What is common cause variation? The “faults” of the system that cause the random variation around the mean of a series that is in statistical control. The causes that are common- they belong to the system. “The natural variation inherent in a process on a regular basis.”* “The variation expected to occur according to an underlying statistical distribution if parameters remain constant.”* Special Causes of Variation Causes that are assignable, foreign to the system, and special to a particular time period, group of workers, etc. Special Causes create variation that is NOT random. They cause a process to be out of statistical control. “Unnatural variation due to events, changes, or circumstances that have not previously been typical or inherent in the regular process.”* *Benneyan et al. Statistical process control as a tool for research and Healthcare improvement. Qual Saf Health Care 2003; 12:458-464 Can you tell whether IPC I had an effect? SPC vs. Epi Common Cause Variation Special Cause Variation Endemic Epidemic What is process capacity? Not often used in health care. The range a population distribution is able to stick within for 999 out of 1000 observations. In a normally distributed process, th