翻译使用技巧.docVIP

理论部分： 一、四次翻译高潮 Four important periods of translation in China 1、Time: 1. East Han Dynasty – Tang Dynasty 2. Ming Dynasty – Qing Dynasty 3. May 4th Movement – the 1950s 4. the 1980s -- 2、Major Fields of translation for each period 1st period: Sanskrit Buddhist Scripture 2nd period: Science technology; social sciences and literature 3rd period: Literature; social sciences 4th period: Social sciences; Literature; Science technology 3、Major Translators for each period 1st period: 1st translators:安世高， 支谦，道安; Four outstanding translators: Indian scholars: 鸠摩罗什(Kumarajiva)，真谛(Paramartha); 玄奘，义净/不空. 2nd period:徐光启,利玛窦； 严复， 林纾， 梁启超，苏曼殊，伍光键 3rd period:鲁迅， 郭沫若，茅盾，张谷若，朱生豪，傅东华，钱钟书, 董秋斯，傅雷 4th period:杨宪益，戴乃迭，许渊冲，张培基等 4、Specific works translated: examples 2nd period: 徐光启: 《几何原本》；严复: 《天演论》(Evolution and Ethics) ; 林纾: 《巴黎茶花女遗事》(La Dame aux Camelia by Alexander Dumas fils.) Lin Shu (translated 156/185 literary works). 3rd period:张谷若(1903-1994): 《还乡》(The Return of the Natives),《苔丝》Tess of the D’urbervilles 朱生豪(1912-1944): 31 Plays by Shakespeare 傅东华(1893-1971): Gone with the Wind，Paradise Lost, Scarlet Letter. Illiad. 归化 傅雷(1908-1966): 《高老头 》,《追忆逝水年华》(A La Cherche du Temps Perdu) 钱钟书(1910-1998)：co-translator of Selected works of Mao Zedong. 董秋斯(1899-1969)：David Copperfield, War and Peace 4th period: many foreign literary works into Chinese. Chinese literary works into English. 杨宪益，戴乃迭，Chinese classics translation e.g. A Dream of Red Mansion, 许渊冲, Chinese poetry translation. 张培基, modern Chinese prose translation. 5、Features of translation in each period （1）1st period: Translation method: Literal translation is advocated and preferred. Translation theory: 支谦在《法句经序》(Preface to Dhammapada)中提出“因循本旨，不加文饰” 。 道安：案本而传(convey as the original says)； 提出“五失本，三不易”five deviations from the original; three difficulties) 玄奘: 五不翻(transliteration in five cases) eight conditions for translators彦琮: 八备 2nd period: many foreign literary works were translated into classic Chinese. Rewriti