凝析油破乳剂的制备与评价..doc

凝析油破乳剂的制备与评价 摘 要：本文针对凝析油的特点，以不同配比的两种多元醇为起始剂，路易斯酸为催化剂，环氧氯丙烷作为接枝物，按照正交实验设计的条件，发生接枝聚合反应，得到系列活性中间体，该中间体与叔胺发生季铵化反应最终制备出聚阳离子型表面活性剂。采用室内瓶试法，在温度为40℃，不同的破乳剂用量下，对一系列聚阳离子破乳剂的破乳性能进行了评价，考察了破乳剂用量对脱水效果的影响。筛选出了性能较好的破乳剂。结果表明，2号破乳剂在其加量为20mg/L的情况下，便能达到很好的脱水效果，油水界面齐，9号破乳剂的净水效果最好。该聚阳离子型表面活性剂作为破乳剂，具有油水分离速度快、油水界面清和油水不易乳化等特点。最后对聚阳离子破乳剂的结构进行初步表征。 关键字：破乳剂；凝析油乳状液；脱水率；界面张力 Preparation and Evaluation on Condensate Oil Demulsifier Abstract: In this paper, for the characteristics of condensatethe, with different proportions of two polyol as the initiator, a Lewis acid as catalyst and epichlorohydrin as a graft copolymer, according to the conditions of orthogonal experimental design. The graft polymerization reaction to obtain series reactive intermediate which with a tertiary amine are used for the production of poly-cationic surfactants by quaternary ammonium reaction. Using indoor bottle test at a temperature of 40℃and different demulsifier dosage, a series of poly-cationic demulsifier performance evaluation and demulsifier dosage of effect on dehydration are investigated. Better performance demulsifier is screened out. The results showed that the 2th demulsifier in its dosage of 20mg/L has be able to achieve good effects on dehydration and oil-water interface neat. The 9th demulsifier do well in Water capacity. The poly cationic surfactants as demulsifiers, with oil-water separation speed, oil-water interface definition and characteristics of oil-water emulsion is not easy. Finally structure of polycationic demulsifier are preliminarily Characterized. Key words: demulsifier; condensate oil emulsion; dehydration rate; interfacial tension 目 录 第一章 文献综述 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 1 1.2 国外破乳剂的研究与开发 2 1.2.1 研发简史 2 1.2.2 破乳剂的类型 3 1.3 国内破乳剂的研究与开发 3 1.3.1 研发简史 3 1.3.2 国产破乳剂类型 3 1.4 破乳剂的发展趋势 4 1.5 凝析油乳状液 4 1.6 影响乳状液类型的因素 4 1.7 乳液稳定性分析 5 1.7.1 界面张力 5 1.7.2 扩散双电层 6 1.7.3 固体粒子的影响 6 1.7.4 其他影响因素 7 1.8 乳状液的破乳概论 7 1.9 破乳剂的破乳机理 9