(动名词2.docVIP

Guiding paper for gerund动名词(doing) ● 动名词是非谓动词的 一种形式。其构成为词末加-ing。作用相当于名词、代词.在句子里可以作主语、定语、表语和宾语。否定形式在doing前直接加not. 一.做主语 ● 动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时，表示抽象概念，不定式做主语表示具体动作。 Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character . 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it .把它复制三份需要时间。 ● 动名词作主语时，也常用It is …句型。 用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile等。例如： It is no use waiting for him any longer .等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice .学而不实践是没好处的。 It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。二.做定语 ● 动名词作定语多数情况仅限于单个的动名词作定语。这种情况与单个的现在分词作定语有较大的区别：单个的动名词作定语主要是说明被修饰词的作用、意义等； 而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词正在做什么。请看下面的比较： swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 ● 现在分词作定语 working people 劳动人民=( the people who are working) sleeping child 熟睡孩子=the child who is sleeping developing countries 发展中国家 running water 自来水 = 三.做表语 ● 动名词作表语说明主语是什么 ， 可以和主语换位。而现在分词作表语则 表示主语的特征等；例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。 Their task is exploring oil mines in the west . （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿 The situation is very much encouraging .（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。 四.做宾语 ● ①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit, risk。 ● ②下列动词短语接动名词： put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。 ● ③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。 ● ④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别： 1.begin, start, continue, like