【2017年整理】学生打印稿 英语讲义.docxVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 19 Unit 1 Lexical Comparison Objectives To be aware of the interrelationship between culture and language. To know the lexical differences between Chinese and English. To instruct the effect of lexical differences on Translation To grasp the translating strategies for Lexical Gap and Lexical Conflict Part I Warming-up What is the interrelationship between culture and language? What lexical differences between Chinese and English can you name? Part II Lexical Comparison Lexical Equivalence (词汇偶合) 词汇偶合也称语义的对应(corresponding)关系,是指原语与译语无论在意义上还是在形式结构上都十分相似、对应。英汉两种各自的语言中就存在着不少选词、用词上的相同、相近之处。我们把这种语言特征称作不同语言之间的偶合现象。 Examples: hand 手 head 头 heart 心 television 电视 radar 雷达 wheat 小麦 医生doctor 早饭breakfast black-hearted　　黑心的;邪恶的 castle in the air 空中楼阁 add fuel to the flames 火上加油 throw cold water on 向……泼冷水 lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 as light a s a feather 轻如鸿毛 as steady a s a rock 坚如磐石 strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 Misfortune never comes singly 祸不单行 词汇并行(Lexical Parallel) 词汇并行指两种语言用不同方式表达同一事物的现象。 Examples: 犹如雨后春笋 just like mushrooms Fish in the air 海底(水中)捞月 To put the fifth wheel to the coach. 画蛇添足 spend money like water 挥金如土 laugh one’s head off 笑掉大牙 drag someone through the mud 拖人下水 tread upon eggs 如履薄冰 draw water in a sieve 竹篮打水一场空 kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕 like a drowned rat 像落汤鸡 the apple of one’s eye 掌上明珠;珍爱之物 as mute as a fish 默不作声 as close a s an oyster 守口如瓶 as regular as clock work 有条不紊 like a hot potato 棘手问题 Lexical Gap (词汇空缺) 词汇空缺是指两种语言之间的词语的非对应现象。词汇空缺本质上是不同民族文化的空缺。英汉语言都有各自的一些特有文化现象专用名词,这些特有文化现象专用名词在其他语言里很难找到相应的对等词或契合词,这种现象往往被称之为“词汇空缺”。语言之间这种词汇空缺是一种自然现象，表现为形式与内容的空缺。 Examples: 生活环境与风俗习惯： Salad，pizza，粽子，饺子 吃闲饭（lead an idle life）吃不消（more than one can stand） 炕，旗袍， B．宗教信仰： As wise as Sol