第四章迪尔凯姆.pptVIP

第四课 涂尔干的社会学理论 Chapter 4 : Emile Durkheim and his social theory Main points 一、社会学方法论(The methodology of the sociology ) 1、社会学的研究对象：社会事实（social facts) 2、社会学方法论的基本原则（rules) 二、社会团结和社会分工论 Social solidarity and social division 1、机械团结与有机团结 mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity 2、社会分工（ The Division of Labor in Society ） 三、自杀论（ Suicide ） 四种自杀类型（The Four Types of Suicide ） 1.利已型自杀（ Egoistic Suicide ） 2.利他型自杀（ Altruistic Suicide） 3. 失范型自杀（Anomic Suicide ） 4. 宿命型自杀（Fatalistic Suicide） A Biographical sketch Born in France on April 15, 1858 Son of a rabbi(犹太教士) Was a Catholic for a short period of time Became an agnostic(不可知论者) in 1893The Division of Labor in Society was published; in 1895 The Rules of Sociological Method was published; in 1897 Suicide: A Study in Sociology was published. in 1898 , he founded the journal Lannee scoiologique; In 1902 he was summoned to the famous French university the Sorbonne（巴黎大学索邦学院）, in 1906 he was named professor of the science of education, a title that was changed in 1913 to professor of the science of education and sociology. in 1912, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, was published. Durkheim died on November 15,1917 一、社会学方法论 《社会学方法论》（1895）谈论的三个主要问题： 1、什么是社会事实？ 2、社会事实的特性有哪些？ 3、如何研究社会事实 ？ 社会学的研究对象—社会事实 1、何谓“社会事实”（social facts) “一切行为方式，不论它是固定的（fixed)还是不固定的，凡是能从外部给予个人以约束的(external constraint)，或者换句话说，普遍(general throughout)存在于该社会各处并具有其固有存在的，不管其在个人身上的表现如何，都叫做社会事实．”（Ｐ９７） P98-103 社会 物质性 社会的结构性组成 社 社会事实 社会的形态分布 会 事 道德(morality) 实 非物质性 集体意识(collective conscience) 社会事实 集体表象(collective representations） 社会潮流(social currents)P102-103 集体意识（P100-101）  collective conscience 所谓集体意识，指的是同一社会普通成员共同拥有的信仰和情感的总和。 The totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citi