玉米秸秆文：多酸催化木质纤维素水解实验研究.doc

玉米秸秆论文：多酸催化木质纤维素水解实验研究 【中文摘要】利用分布广泛而廉价的木质纤维素原料玉米秸秆代替粮食生产生物质燃料,不仅是生物质能源转化过程中研究的热点,而且具有广阔的市场前景,对我国经济发展也具有重大意义。本文从玉米秸秆出发,首先对其预处理分离得到纤维素,然后围绕负载型多酸和非负载型多酸／盐水解纤维素得到葡萄糖进行研究,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和高效液相色谱(HPLC)等技术手段对催化剂和产物进行表征。主要结果如下：(1)针对木质素和半纤维素紧密包裹纤维素的结构特点,直接水解玉米秸秆效果不理想的问题,本文采用甲酸在一定条件下对玉米秸秆进行预处理。结果表明：使用88%的甲酸预处理4h,可成功将纤维素从玉米秸秆中分离出来,为进一步研究纤维素水解打下基础。(2)选用不同的载体负载Keggin结构磷钨酸(H3PW12040),制备出H3PW12040/SBA-15、H3PW12040/Si02和H3PW12040/A1203催化剂且对其进行表征,然后探讨三种催化剂水解纤维素的反应性能。高效液相色谱测定水解液中葡萄糖、果糖、甲酸、乙酰丙酸及5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的含量。结果表明相同条件下H3PW12040/SBA-15水解纤维素效果最好。优选的实验条件为反应温度170℃,反应时间40 h,此条件下该催化剂的水解效率、葡萄糖选择性以及产率最高,其值分别为11.66%、48.25%和5.62%。(3)水热条件下对H3PW12040、H4SiW12040、酸化TBA-y-SiW10、H6P2W18O60和TBA-y-SiW,o水解纤维素的反应性能进行了初步研究。考察了反应时间、温度、催化剂用量对反应性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂为H4SiW12040纤维素水解效率最高。优选反应条件为温度180℃,时间25 h,催化剂用量0.05 g。该条件下纤维素的转化率达26.52%,葡萄糖的选择性和产率分别为55.97%和14.85%。 【英文摘要】Widespread use of lignocelluloses raw materials and cheap corn stalk biomass fuels instead of food production, is not only the research focus on the process of biomass conversion, but also has great significance and broad market prospects for the economic development of our country. In this paper, the cellulose was obtained firstly through the pretreatment of the corn stalk, and then cellulose hydrolysis has been studies using HPA catalyst as to get glucose. The catalyst and as-obtained produces were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and HPLC techniques. The main results are summarized as follows:As the cellulose are tightly encapsulated by lignin and hemicellulose, the effect of direct hydrolysis is not very satisfactory. Thereforce, the pretreatment of corn stalk was deal with formic acid in our experiment. The results showed that:the hemicellulose was hydrolyzed quickly, most of the lignin was dissolved in the solution, and the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were extracted form the corn stalk.Solid acid catalysts were prepared H3PW12O40/SBA-15, H3PW12O40/SiO2H3 and H3PW12O40/Al2O3. The hydrolysis of cellulose over various catalysts was i