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CSIR REPORT ST HELENA BAY WATER QUALITY TRUST: The Biogeochemical Status Of Surface Sediments InSt Helena Bay In 2007 CSIR REPORT ST HELENA BAY WATER QUALITY TRUST: THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL STATUS OF SURFACE SEDIMENTS IN ST HELENA BAY IN 2007 Prepared for: St. Helena Bay Water Quality Forum Trust P O Box 128 St Helena Bay 7390 Prepared by: CSIR NRE P.O. Box 320 Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa Contact person: Andrew Pascall Tel: 021 8882437 Fax: 021 8882693 Mobile: 082 4423645 Email: apascall@csir.co.za January 2008  This report was prepared by: Andrew Pascall Technical Support: Andrew Pascall Sebastian Brown Published by: CSIR P O Box 395 0001 PRETORIA Republic of South Africa Issued and printed by, also obtainable from: CSIR P O Box 320 7599 STELLENBOSCH  CONTENTS List of Figures iii List of Tables iv 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Background 5 1.2 The Brief 5 1.2.1 Sediment Biogeochemistry and ecology 5 1.3 Long-Term Monitoring Framework 5 1.4 Approach 8 2. Methodology 9 2.1 Sampling 9 2.2 Sample preparation 9 2.3 Analysis 9 2.3.1 Trace Metals 9 2.3.2 Acid Volatile Sulphide (AVS) 9 2.3.3 Particulate Organic Carbon / Nitrogen 9 3. Results 10 3.1 Sedimentology and Biogenic Organic biogeochemistry 10 3.2 Trace Metal distribution 10 4. Discussion 39 5. Conclusions 42 6. Recommendations 42 7. References 43  List of Figures Fig. 1: Plot showing the location of the sediment core and grab samples collected in St Helena Bay and in the Great Berg River estuary in 2007 17 Fig. 2: Cumulative distribution of the gravel, sand and mud fractions of the sediments in St Helena Bay and the Great Berg River estuary. 18 Fig. 3: Distribution of the Organic Carbon and Nitrogen fraction of the sediments in St Helena Bay and the Great Berg River estuary. It shows that the overall distribution is similar to that depicted by the mud fraction. 19 Fig. 4: Distrib